1.
The Difference Engine
A machine that knew to compute complicated calculations mechanically, before the computer was invented.
The closest machine in comparation to computers, that was not based on electricity.
2.
Turing Machine
An analytical model that was developed by Alan Turing.
The model made it possible to prove for a speific calculation that we are able to build a machine to calculate it using a list of commands (algorithm), without actually building the machine.
3.
Von-Neumann Architecture
An architecture that physically implemented the Turing machine model, and turned it into an actual computer.
The modern computers are still based on it even today.
4.
Assembly Language
Low-level language for processors.
Was in a common use, before the development of high-level languages.
5.
C Language
High-level language that became popular and exchanged the wide use of Assembly.
Made it easier for programmers to develop applications. It was used for writing the Unix operating system.
6.
Operating System
The most basic program in the computer.
Acts as an interface between the user and the computer.
7.
8086 Processor
The processor whose entry into the market led to a meteoric rise in the adoption of personal computers due to its being cheap and suitable for creating computers in a size that was considered small at the time.
8.
Arpanet Network
A military network that was used to transfer data between computer networks in remote locations.
It had formed the basis for the establishment of the Internet.
9.
The USB standard
Today's popular port that replaced the old, bulky ports on the computer's motherboard.
10.
Computer's Virus
Malicious code that causes the computer to operate in a different way than the user expects.
It can thereby cause a destruction of the computer, a destruction of the data on it or a theft of information.
11.
USB Flash Drive (Disk-On-Key)
Modern digital media, that allows you to store a large amount of information and carry it anywhere, using a USB port to allow a computer to read the information on the portable storage.
12.
The Open Source Community
A community that enshrines the use of free software.
The most popular free software is the Linux Operating System, which is found on smart cards and also being used as the basis for the Android Operating System.
13.
Arduino Board
A smart electronic board that replaced the classic FPGA boards.
It was counted as the breakthrough of cheap smart boards that allow programming in high-level languages. Later, smart cards with an ARM processor that constituted a full computer, were also a breakthrough for the development of smart homes and smart embedded systems.
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